The stones and denim are spinned together in the large commercial washing machines. The longer they are spinned together the color of the fabric would get lighter with great contrasts. The time period of this procedure is set beforehand so as to avoid the tear and wear of the fabric. Thereafter the fabric undergoes Varied other processes of rinsing, softening and ultimately tumbles drying. These stonewashed fabrics are used dissimilar uses like- garments development as well as for cushion purpose.

Disadvantages of pumice stone usage

Stonewashing the denim with pumice stones has some disadvantages. For instance stones could cause wear and tear of the fabric, also it creates the qoute of environmental disposition of waste of the grit produced by the stones. High labor costs are to be beared as the pumice stones and its dust particles produced are to be physically removed from the pockets of the garments and machines by the labors. Denim is required to be washed several times in order to fully get rid of the stones. The process of stonewashing also harms the big expensive laundry machines.

Alternate methods for stonewashing

To minimize such drawbacks, stonewashing of denim is carried out with the aid of enzymes. The recipe of giving the denim a stonewash look by use of enzymes like cellulase is known as- 'Enzymatic Stonewashing'. Here cellulases are used to furnish that distressed worn out look to the denim fabric.

Cellulase Method

Cellulase is environment friendly in comparison to pumice stones. It reduces the ration of damage caused to denim caused on it by tough succeed of stones on them. As there is huge request of garments with distressed jeans look, stonewashing with enzymes is being used increasingly. It is also known as bio-stonewashing. Enzymatic medicine has come to be an additional one substitute for kilograms of stones, also the jeans stonewashed by this recipe has more longetivity. It ensures the same succeed with minimum estimate of water, waste, time, volume and damage to machines.

As jeans are made up of cellulosic fibers, the use of cellulase enzyme is thriving in giving the stonewash look. This enzyme breaks down the outside cellulose fibers and removes them without causing harm to the jeans. great finishing and look is achieved even with indigo dyed denim.

The production of stonewashed jeans has increased. Variations in finishes can be achieved by bio-stonewashing. great fading of jeans could be achieved without causing harm to the fabric.

In cellulase enzymatic wash, the denim is given an enzyme bath. Here safe bet estimate of indigo dye and cellulose fibers are removed from the outside of the fabric. As enzymes are like yeast in nature, they eat the cellulose present in denims. When the jeans get the preferred color, enzymatic reaction is stopped by changing the alkalinity of the bath or else the water is heated. Thereafter the fabric undergoes rinsing and softening process. The estimate of rinsing process after enzymes medicine is less than pumice stonewashing. There is reduced estimate of waste produced and farranging costs for stonewashing is also less.

Disadvantages of cellulase treatment

There are safe bet disadvantages of cellulase treatment. It could leave marks of backstaining like blue threads becoming more blue or white threads becoming blue. To get rid of such unwanted re-coloration of threads, the jeans are rigorously washed adding surfactants to it. This process could succeed to color-fading of jeans and there is added usage of water for the washing. Thus wastage of water and safe bet estimate of backstaining could be experienced.

The traditional target of stonewashing the denim with pumice stones or enzymes is to furnish the garment worn out, old and aged look. Sometimes both stones and enzymes are used for the purpose.

Latest process of stonewash - Perlite

A new process of stonewashing has been introduced found by series of laboratory testings- Perlite.

Perlite is the form of plainly occurring silicon rock. It has the distinctive asset of increasing to 4 to 20 times its preliminary volume when heated at a singular temperature. This happens because the raw perlite rock consists of 2-6% of water content in it. The crude perlite rock when heated at the temperature above 870 C it gets swollen up and tiny glass sealed bubbles are formed. Its traditional color which is black or gray changes to grayish white else white. This heated form of perlite is used for stonewash purpose.

It does the same function of stonewashing as stones. Perlite medicine reduces the rate of harm caused to large washing machines by pumice stones and gives the denim great supple and softer finish. Many jeans manufacturing clubs instead of enzymatic medicine use perlite, it reduces the rate of wearing out of jeans when used. It gives throughout uniform worn out and old look to the denim and not just the upper part of the garment. There are many grades of perlite which differ in size are used for giving the stonewash stop to denim right from largest to finest grades, some are very tiny just like grounded earth.

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